{"id":19070,"date":"2024-07-30T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-30T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foodmedcenter.org\/?p=19070"},"modified":"2024-07-26T13:55:11","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T17:55:11","slug":"study-spotlight-take-away-with-chef-dr-mike-ultra-processed-food-and-type-ii-diabetes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foodmedcenter.org\/zh_cn\/study-spotlight-take-away-with-chef-dr-mike-ultra-processed-food-and-type-ii-diabetes\/","title":{"rendered":"Study Spotlight Take-Away with Chef Dr. Mike: Ultra-Processed Food and Type II Diabetes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cLet things taste the way they are.\u201d<\/p>\n<cite>\u2015 <em>Alice Waters, chef, author, and owner of Chez Panisse<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We\u2019ve all seen the images: overweight kids addicted to video games 24\/7, chubby teenagers glued to their cell phones and walking into lampposts, and adults lost for days in the virtual rabbit holes of their computer screens. Invariably, these images are populated in the background by ever-present neon-colored snacks, greasy fast food wrappers, and soft drink containers the size of small water towers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This 1-2 combination of inactivity and ultra-processed food (over) consumption has become an indelible watermark on our 21st-century lifestyle. This circumstantial evidence implicating ultra-processed foods (UPFs) as a risk factor in the continuing explosion of chronic disability and disease in the United States and many other Westernized countries continues to mount.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This week\u2019s study spotlight is the fourth US prospective cohort study to take a closer look at the link between ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of developing type II diabetes in the United States. Diabetes is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and dietary intake is a key modifiable risk factor for diabetes. The question is whether an increased consumption of ultra-processed food is associated with an increased risk of developing type II diabetes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-024-06221-5\">The Study:<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The review examined the data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The cohort consisted of 13,172 participants without diabetes at baseline, and the median follow-up was 21 years<em>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dietary intake was assessed with a 66-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and food was categorized using the NOVA classification system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The participants were divided into quartiles based on the average servings of ultra-processed food per day.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The highest quartile consumed 8.4 servings of ultra-processed food per day, on average, and had a 13% increased risk of developing diabetes compared to the lowest quartile of ultra-processed food consumers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Each serving of ultra-processed food was associated with a 2% higher risk of developing diabetes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Specific groups of ultra-processed foods such as sugar and artificially sweetened beverages, ultra-processed meats, and sugary snacks were associated with the highest risk of developing diabetes at 29%, 21%, and 16%, respectively, versus the lowest quartile of consumers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The Caveat:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This study is the fourth prospective cohort study to demonstrate an association between the amount of ultra-processed food consumed and the risk of developing type II diabetes in Americans. In addition to diabetes, high consumption of ultra-processed foods is linked to obesity, metabolic syndrome (prediabetes), and cardiovascular disease, all of which are intricately linked to the pro-inflammatory pathophysiology of type II diabetes. Despite these and many other warning signs, the issue of UPFs is still <em>not<\/em> addressed in the current US Diabetes Standards of Care Guidelines<sup>.<sub><a id=\"_ftnref1\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a><\/sub><\/sup><sub><sup> <\/sup><\/sub>Considering that for the average American adult, UPFs constitute almost 70% of their diet, this has the potential to be a serious and consequential omission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is because the flipside of the findings is that a reduced risk of developing type II diabetes was associated with increased consumption of whole, authentic, and minimally processed foods, raising the question of whether dietary changes can impact the natural history of type II diabetes. This particular study demonstrated a dose-response relationship (the hallmark of many a drug) with approximately a 2% increased risk of developing type II diabetes associated with each serving of ultra-processed food. Importantly, this analysis demonstrated that there is no \u201csafe minimum or threshold.\u201d Every serving of ultra-processed foods, according to this study, correlated to an increased risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Interestingly, there did, however, seem to be a difference in the magnitude of risk associated with certain groups of ultra-processed foods. Specifically, sugar and artificially sweetened beverages, ultra-processed meats, and sugary snacks were particularly associated with an increased risk of developing type II diabetes. This is in agreement with previous US-based studies, which also reported a higher risk of diabetes associated with sugar and artificially sweetened beverages and ultra-processed meat products.<a id=\"_ftnref2\" href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> The findings are in general agreement with European-based studies, which have shown anywhere from \u201ca 15-55% increased risk of diabetes associated with greater ultra-processed food consumption.\u201d<a id=\"_ftnref3\" href=\"#_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a><sup>,<a id=\"_ftnref4\" href=\"#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>,<a id=\"_ftnref5\" href=\"#_ftn5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unsurprisingly, higher consumption of UPFs correlated with the consumption of less fruits, vegetables, and fiber. In general, diet is a zero-sum game. Eating more of one particular type of food, in this case UPFs, generally results in the consumption of less of other types of foods: a phenomenon known as displacement. The caveat here, as in all observational studies, is to remember that correlation does not equal causation. With that being said, as Bertrand Russell noted, \u201cFacts have to be discovered by observation, not by reasoning.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> (American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> (Chen, 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> (Levy, 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> (Llavero-Valero, 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" id=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> (Srour, 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Study:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"Du,%20S.,%20Sullivan,%20V.K.,%20Fang,%20M.,%20Appel,%20LJ.,%20Selvin,%20E.,%20Rebholz,%20CM.%20Ultra-processed%20food%20consumption%20and%20risk%20of%20diabetes:%20results%20from%20a%20population-based%20prospective%20cohort.%20Diabetologia%20(2024).%20https:\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-024-06221-5.%0d\">Du, S., Sullivan, V.K., Fang, M., Appel, LJ., Selvin, E., Rebholz, CM. Ultra-processed food consumption and risk of diabetes: results from a population-based prospective cohort. Diabetologia (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-024-06221-5.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additional resources:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc24-S003\">American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2024) 3. Prevention or delay of diabetes and associated comorbidities: Standards of care in diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care 47(Suppl 1):S43\u2013S51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc24-S003.<\/a><a><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc22-1505\">Canhada SL, Vigo \u00c1, Luft VC et al (2023) Ultra-processed food consumption and increased risk of metabolic syndrome in adults: The ELSA-Brasil. Diabetes Care 46(2):369\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc22-1505 &nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"Chen%20Z,%20Khandpur%20N,%20Desjardins%20C%20et%20al%20(2023)%20Ultra-processed%20food%20consumption%20and%20risk%20of%20type%202%20diabetes:%20three%20large%20prospective%20U.S.%20cohort%20studies.%20Diabetes%20Care%2046(7):1335\u20131344.%20https:\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc22-1993.\">Chen Z, Khandpur N, Desjardins C et al (2023) Ultra-processed food consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: three large prospective U.S. cohort studies. Diabetes Care 46(7):1335\u20131344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc22-1993.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"Du%20S,%20Kim%20H,%20Rebholz%20CM%20(2021)%20Higher%20Ultra-processed%20food%20consumption%20is%20associated%20with%20increased%20risk%20of%20incident%20coronary%20artery%20disease%20in%20the%20atherosclerosis%20risk%20in%20communities%20study.%20J%20Nutr%20151(12):3746\u20133754.%20https:\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/nxab285.%20%20\">Du S, Kim H, Rebholz CM (2021) Higher Ultra-processed food consumption is associated with increased risk of incident coronary artery disease in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. J Nutr 151(12):3746\u20133754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/nxab285. &nbsp;<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"Hall%20KD,%20Ayuketah%20A,%20Brychta%20R%20et%20al%20(2019)%20Ultra-processed%20diets%20cause%20excess%20calorie%20intake%20and%20weight%20gain:%20an%20inpatient%20randomized%20controlled%20trial%20of%20ad%20libitum%20food%20intake.%20Cell%20Metab%2030(1):67-77.e3.%20https:\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.05.008.%20%0d\">Hall KD, Ayuketah A, Brychta R et al (2019) Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: an inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake. Cell Metab 30(1):67-77.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.05.008.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.12.018\">Levy RB, Rauber F, Chang K et al (2021) Ultra-processed food consumption and type 2 diabetes incidence: a prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 40(5):3608\u20133614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.12.018<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"Llavero-Valero%20M,%20Escalada-San%20Mart\u00edn%20J,%20Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez%20MA,%20Basterra-Gortari%20FJ,%20de%20la%20Fuente-Arrillaga%20C,%20Bes-Rastrollo%20M%20(2021)%20Ultra-processed%20foods%20and%20type-2%20diabetes%20risk%20in%20the%20SUN%20project:%20a%20prospective%20cohort%20study.%20Clin%20Nutr%2040(5):2817\u20132824.%20https:\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.03.039%20%20%0d\">Llavero-Valero M, Escalada-San Mart\u00edn J, Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez MA, Basterra-Gortari FJ, de la Fuente-Arrillaga C, Bes-Rastrollo M (2021) Ultra-processed foods and type-2 diabetes risk in the SUN project: a prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 40(5):2817\u20132824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.03.039 &nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"Srour%20B,%20Fezeu%20LK,%20Kesse-Guyot%20E%20et%20al%20(2020)%20Ultraprocessed%20food%20consumption%20and%20risk%20of%20type%202%20diabetes%20among%20participants%20of%20the%20NutriNet-Sant\u00e9%20Prospective%20Cohort.%20JAMA%20Intern%20Med%20180(2):283\u2013291.%20https:\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.5942.\">Srour B, Fezeu LK, Kesse-Guyot E et al (2020) Ultraprocessed food consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes among participants of the NutriNet-Sant\u00e9 Prospective Cohort. JAMA Intern Med 180(2):283\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.5942.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cLet things taste the way they are.\u201d \u2015 Alice Waters, chef, author, and owner of Chez Panisse We\u2019ve all seen the images: overweight kids addicted to video games 24\/7, chubby&hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":19073,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11374,786,11370,11368,191],"tags":[346,183,11450,195,221,192,11514,11513],"class_list":["post-19070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culinary-medicine-and-culinary-nutrition","category-featured","category-food-as-medicine-and-policy","category-food-for-preventive-care","category-healthy-living","tag-diabetes","tag-diet","tag-diet-related-disease","tag-health","tag-healthy-eating","tag-nutrition","tag-ultra-processed-foods","tag-ultraprocessed-foods"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.9 (Yoast SEO v27.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Study Spotlight Take-Away with Chef Dr. Mike: Ultra-Processed Food and Type II Diabetes &#8212;<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the link between ultra-processed food and type II diabetes. Learn how unhealthy eating habits contribute to chronic disease.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/foodmedcenter.org\/zh_cn\/study-spotlight-take-away-with-chef-dr-mike-ultra-processed-food-and-type-ii-diabetes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Study Spotlight Take-Away with Chef Dr. Mike: Ultra-Processed Food and Type II Diabetes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover the link between ultra-processed food and type II diabetes. Learn how unhealthy eating habits contribute to chronic disease.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/foodmedcenter.org\/zh_cn\/study-spotlight-take-away-with-chef-dr-mike-ultra-processed-food-and-type-ii-diabetes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Center For Food As Medicine &amp; Longevity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/foodmedcenter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"chefdrmike\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-07-30T12:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/foodmedcenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fat-boy-videos-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Michael S. 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